Schizophreni Schizophrenia And Myth - 843 Words

Schizophrenia Fact and Myth When people hear the word â€Å"schizophrenia† what do they think. The media makes it seem like people with schizophrenia are crazy and dangerous. When that is not really true at all. This makes people place judgments on schizophrenia without knowing exactly what it is. The only way we could fix this is by educating people who are ignorant of schizophrenia. This would also help change the media’s perspective of this disorder. Which could prevent the wrong signals from being continuously put out. So, what exactly is schizophrenia, what causes schizophrenia and how can it be treated? What exactly is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that 1% of the world’s population has (Javitt, 2014, p. 160). According to Psych Central (2014) some symptoms that people with schizophrenia may have are delusions, hallucinations, scrambled thoughts and unrest. For a person to be considered to have schizophrenia they must exert at leas t two of these symptoms for at least a moth. Javitt (2014) stated, that these symptoms can occur at any time between being a teenager up to the mid-30’s. Some people have been known to have show symptoms of schizophrenia at a younger age and that’s called early-onset schizophrenia (EOS). People who are diagnosed with schizophrenia have fifteen to twenty years subtracted off of their life expectancy. Two of the biggest factors of the shortening are suicide and cardiovascular disease. In all of the deaths with people

Effects of Alcohol and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay

Effects of Alcohol and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Works Cited Missing Alcohol plays a major role in society today. It is constantly being in our minds through advertisements, whether its commercials or billboards, holidays, or even just at the popular social scene. Alcohol is consumed for many purposes, such as celebrations, to increase romance, out of boredom, or a way to relax. Alcohol is a drug that is depended upon by the majority of our society. Nonetheless, alcohol has very damaging effects, not only does it cause self-inflicted diseases resembling alcoholism or cirrhosis of the liver, but it harms unborn fetuses as well. Many women drink alcohol when they do not even know that they are pregnant yet. Alcohol can cause†¦show more content†¦A small brain, learning disabilities, short attention span, hyperactivity in childhood, and poor body, hand, and finger coordination are examples of CNS handicaps.(NIAAA, p.1) Mental handicaps and hyperactivity are probably the most debilitating aspects of FAS.(Streissguth, p.1) Children with FAS also suffer from facial abnormalities. These abnormalities include: small eye openings, drooping eyelids, short upturned nose, thin upper lip, and low set or poorly formed ears. (NIAAA, p.1) These facial patterns distinguish children with FAS/FAE from normal children, however they are not harshly malformed. A more serious and life threatening symptom of FAS is organ deformities. This includes heart defects, heart murmurs, genital malformities, as well as urinary and kidney defects. Abnormal thyroid functioning and a decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system are also present in infants exposed to alcohol. What about paternal alcohol consumption? Alcohol may affect fetal development through a direct effect on the fathers sperm or gonads. Studies have shown that children with alcoholic fathers often experience cognitive abilities and have a greater chance of being hyperactive. These findings were found in adoption cases, where the biological father was an alcoholic and the child was raised by nonalcoholic parents.(Cicero,p.3) FAE is a broad term covering a wide range of success levels, from mild learningShow MoreRelatedEffects Of The On Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1206 Words   |  5 Pagesresulted in an increase in alcohol intake. During this period, fetal and infant death rates were at it highest [1]. The medical society did not believe consumption of alcohol was the cause of the high rise in birth defects at the time. With the repeal of the prohibition on alcohol in 1933, doctors believed it had beneficial effects to the point of intravenous treatments with alcohol were used to delay preterm labor. In the 1950s to 1960s, there was another rise in fetal birth defects called the â€Å"thalidomideRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Exposure On Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1303 Words   |  6 Pagesharmful substances like alcohol interrupt these processes, the contaminated environment surrounding and infiltrating the embryo’s developing body makes it difficult for development to continue as planned. As a result, abnormalities are often a characteristic of such conditions. The following paper will discuss the effect of maternally consumed alcohol on an embryo, as well as the resulting disorder from alcohol exposure: fetal alcohol syndrome. Prenatal alcohol effects Alcohol is classified as a teratogenRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome And Its Effects1712 Words   |  7 Pages Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and its Effects On a Child’s Cognitive Development Dane D. Hrencher Kansas State University Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and its Effects On a Child’s Cognitive Development Alcohol is known as one the most dangerous teratogens. Every time a pregnant woman drinks, she allows alcohol to enter her blood stream and make its way into the placenta. Unlike the mother, the fetus is unable to break down alcohol that makes the blood alcohol level of the fetus the same orRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome : Causes And Effects1078 Words   |  5 Pages Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Alcohol plays a major role in society today. We consume alcohol for many purposes such as gatherings, holidays, or self fulfillment. One of the most frowned upon things that come with drinking in our society is drinking during pregnancy. Nonetheless, consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can result in pathologies for the mothers fetus leading to growth, mental, and physical birth defects, also known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. The severity of the effects from thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome On Infants3388 Words   |  14 Pages30 April 2015 The Effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome on Infants Abstract Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused when women during their pregnancy drink alcohol and cause developmental problems that can affect the fetus and infant for the rest of his or her life. Fetal alcohol syndrome can cause facial abnormalities, mental retardation, and a significant decrease in overall growth of the fetus.1 There are numerous studies about prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome, and its effects on physical, neurologicalRead MoreThe Effects Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome On The Children850 Words   |  4 Pagesto further educate individuals in regards to what fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is, how to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome, the side effects of fetal alcohol syndrome during infancy, and the long term effects of fetal alcohol syndrome on the child emotionally, physically, and mentally. Definition Fetal alcohol syndrome is a diverse pattern of congenital malformations when ethyl alcohol is consumed chronically in high doses during pregnancy. Alcohol ingestion can influence development of body organsRead MoreCause And Effect Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome2649 Words   |  11 Pagesunreasonable people. Alcohol, a psychoactive drug, found within many adult beverages causes countless problems for people suffering from addiction but even more devastating are the mothers who drink when pregnant. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a disorder that refers to mental and physical effects of an individual whose mother consumed large quantities of alcohol during pregnancy. Alcohol can destroy neurons in a growing fetus along with causing problems with growth and weight. In the past, alcohol has been shownRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome The Effects of Alcohol on a Fetus During Pregnancy1727 Words   |  7 Pages Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is caused by fetal exposure to alcohol during pregnancy a nd is characterized by specific patters of fetal deformities. Researchers are unsure at what stage in the pregnancy these malformations occur or the amount of alcohol consumed to cause these deformities. FAS is the leading cause of mental retardation that is preventable. There are usually three factors pertaining to a diagnosis of FAS: â€Å"the presence of prenatal/postnatal growth retardation, craniofacial anomaliesRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Is A Collection Of Multiple Effects Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesFetal alcohol syndrome is a collection of multiple effects that happen because of exposure to alcohol in utero and can be a very serious problem that is prevalent. Fetal alcohol syndrome was first talked about and described in 1973 (Caley, Dunlap, Shipkey, Rivera, Winkelman, 2006). Over the years a lot has become known about the dangers of exposing a fetus to alcohol and how common it really is (Caley et al, 2006). According to Krulewitch (2005), 1 in 10 women will consume alcohol after knowingRead MoreThe Effects Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Students1117 Words   |  5 Pagesin. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome students struggle with their memory and struggle to remember the things they are being taught. Teachers should implement a daily planner for the students in order to help them keep up with their assignments and help them remember what they are to do each day and night for school. According to Catterick, teachers should â€Å"ensure that learning is multisensory where possible to give the child the best chance of taking in the information† (p. 113) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome students

Abortion Should Be Legal Free Essays

Abortion is the deliberate ending of a pregnancy by removing the fetus from the mother’s uterus and should only be carried out by trained medical personnel. Abortion was introduced at a very early age in society. I believe people should choose their own path and their own future, right down to abortions. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion Should Be Legal or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe in choice. Pro-choice. People’s lives and rights should not be interfered by the opinion of another. There are certain rights given to a person which cannot be removed or changed. This gives the choice-maker the right to live with his/her own decision without the guilt or disturbance of a third party. Live your own lives. A body belongs to one soul, giving one soul the rules and rights over it. People tend to forget that. As in an economy, when something is in demand, legal or not, people will sell and buy it. But what about those people who feel guilt over something that shouldn’t pressure them? May it be abortion or not. Most people would like to live under the choices they make without the world pushing them over or religions battering them with stones. With the evolving moral standards of society, abortions are becoming more and more justified. Abortions, the practice of removing a fertilized egg from a mother has become a controversial issue in American society, but should be generally supported because there are circumstances where the mother to be is unable to sustain a pregnancy safely. Young low income women and or girls who become mothers have grim prospects for the future and in the case of rape or incest, forcing a woman made pregnant by this violent act would cause further psychological harm to the victim. In, â€Å"The Cost of Choice†, the National Abortion Federation (NAF) and Planned Parenthood, among other pro-abortion advocacy groups and organizations, have formulated and published standards and guidelines for affiliated clinics and physicians. In fact, Planned Parenthood clinics, with few exceptions, must adhere to the operational standards and protocols mandated by the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. State legislatures have obtained copies of these standards and protocols and have used them to formulate minimum health and safety standards for abortion care. Encounter Books, 2004. p 128. ) Those who are against legalizing abortion/pro-life believe that a fetus is a person and should be granted life just as every other living being on this earth. Imagine a mother and child falling into dangerous river rapids and a family member or bystander must decide who to save. It’s a terrible decision that must be made. Regardless of the decision, one life will be lost and one saved. This situation differs so fundamentally from abortion on demand, which is to kill the unborn baby for convenience, as opposed to choosing which life will be saved. Pro-life activist / believers think that abortion is murder, and that life begins at conception. â€Å"In biology and in medicine, it is an accepted fact that the life of any individual organism reproducing by sexual reproduction begins at conception (fertilization). † â€Å"By all the criteria of modern molecular biology, life is present from the moment of conception. † â€Å"Human life begins at the time of conception. † â€Å"Human life begins when after the ovum is fertilized the new combined cell mass begins to divide. â€Å"The beginning of a single human life is from a biological point of view a simple and straightforward matter – the beginning is conception. †(Boonin, 2002, p. 21) Pro-choice believer think that Adoption is a viable alternative to abortion and accomplishes the same result, however statistics show that most women who carry a child do not give their child up for adoption. They might also believe that, an abortion can result in medical complications later in life; the risk of ectopic pregnancies double. Abortion for medical reasons where the mother’s life is in jeopardy that should be left to the discretion of the mother, family, and doctor. It’s true, the mother and the unborn baby are still two separate individuals/entities, but under these difficult circumstances, it’s truly a personal decision for those directly involved. Abortion in cases of rape and/or incest should be treated the same as abortion for medical reasons. It should be up to the victim of the rape or incest what she wants to do in this rare and terrible situation. Some countries now with moderately restrictive laws permit abortions to protect a women’s health, to end pregnancies resulting from rape or incest, to avoid genetic or other defects, or in response to social problems such as unmarried status or low income. Rape one of the top reasons why I believe that a woman should be able to have an abortion. Rape is the act of sexual intercourse with a woman without her consent or with a minor. Having a child resulting from the mother being rape causes many metal problems for the mother as the birth of the child could be a remembrance of what happen. Incest is sexual intercourse between people who are of blood relations this is one of the reasons why abortion should be legal. It is believed that 50% of all incest cases happen to children fewer than 17 years of age. It has also been stated that children who are conceived by incest are more likely to the possibly leading to mental retardation Birth defects are any abnormalities in the structure or function of the fetus. About twenty percent or more of malformed fetuses are aborted; the rest results in a newborn baby with a birth defect. Each type of birth defect is rare . All live births can cause increased percent of infant deaths in the period immediately after birth. Low income is when people have little or no money coming into the home. To care for a child is very expensive you need to buy pampers, milk, formula’s, clothes, powder, cream, soap, towels, cribs and if u are working u need to pay for ah baby sitter. It takes an average of $15000 a year to care of a child. There are now 1. 3 million surgical abortions per year in the United States. 0 The Alan Guttmacher Institute (the research arm of Planned Parenthood) reports that women have abortions for two primary reasons: lack of financial resources and lack of emotional support. .(Encounter Books, 2004. p 198. ) One needs to take into consideration the developmental stages of the fetal life span. Most abortions occur soon after the confirmation of pregnancy, (usually prior to 12 weeks gestation. ) The first twelve weeks is known as the first trimester o r the embryonic phase. At this time the fetus is about 3-3. inches long having a weight of 15-20 grams. The neurological system is primitive at best, demonstrating only vague swimming motions. In the late 1880’s, The American Medical Association led the fight to criminalize all abortions. The campaign was a total success, with every state outlawing abortion. However, criminal prohibition did not stop women from obtaining illegal abortions, which sometimes resulted in severe medical problems. (Abortion, 2002, para. 8) I think this would cause more harm than good to make abortion illegal. Every woman should have the right to make that decision without the government getting involved. I do not recommend abortion as a birth-control method of choice. I merely state that it is a fact the most important single method of birth-control in the world today, and to cut down on population growth we should make abortion easy and safe while we continue to develop other and more â€Å"satisfactory† methods of family limitation. In addition to the 5 million women in the U. S. without access to birth-control for whom abortion would seem a mater of right when they want t, there are the uncounted thousands who after conception suffer some diseases of discover some defect which makes the birth of a live healthy baby unlikely, and the many, too, whose contraceptive methods occasionally do not work. Today abortion under modern hospital conditions is safer than childbirth. Instead of making abortion more difficult and dangerous for women, lawmakers should promote policies that reduc e the need for abortion. Almost 50 percent of all pregnancies in this country are unintended, including over 30 percent within marriage. And over half of all unintended pregnancies end in abortion. In the Roe vs. Wade the Supreme Court ruled that a woman was allowed by the Constitution’s 14th Amendment to receive an abortion before the first trimester. It now appeared that the pro-choice advocates had won the political tug-o-war at last. However, violence continues between the two groups as the animosity and resentment has grown to new heights. The most important part of reproductive rights is the principle that a woman has the right to decide whether and when to have a child. Religious beliefs, politics, incident of pregnancy, support, economy, long term consequences, such as regrets and depression, being able to take responsibility, and health issues are major factors that must be taken in consideration before resulting to abortion. For any pregnant woman, making a decision to abort her child is painful and ruthless, but under certain situation such as rape, young age and financial reasons, a woman should have the right to choose to terminate her pregnancy if she chooses to do so by aborting her unborn child. How to cite Abortion Should Be Legal, Essay examples

Analyzing Quantitative Behavioral Observation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analyzing Quantitative Behavioral Observation. Answer: Introduction: The theme of curiosity was primary in the whole interview. It is apparent that the same questionnaires were not used in the whole interview(Panneerselvam, 2015). Such is apparent in the way the questions were put across. When the interviewer is curious, he or she tries all he or she can so as to retrieve detailed information from the subjects. Such can be demonstrated by changing the questions into a way that they fit the type of the subject but provide the same results. The theme of Curiosity commanded the whole process and led to detailed inquiry and consistency. The detailed inquiry was evident in the process of asking questions to the interviewees. The best way to know if an interviewer is interested in detailed information, he or she does not leave any information out(Liamputtong, 2013). For example, in the process of interviewing, it was evident that some interviewees either did not understand the interviewee or did not have the answers to the questions. However, since the interviewer needed detailed information, the interviewer made sure that the interviewee understood the questions so as to answer them correctly(Smith, 2015). If the interviewer were not interested in detailed information, he or she would not have been so keen on the information provided; whenever the interviewee proved not to understand a question, the interviewer would have just moved on to the next question. The theme of consistency was evident in the way all the interviews were carried out. In the process of interviewing the subject, it was evident that the interviewer made sure to obtain specific information from the interviewees(Holmes, 2015). In some instances, the interviewer did not ask the same questions. However, what stood out is that the interviewer was aiming at different answers but using different strategies. For example, in the first and the second interview, it is evident that the interviewer was not interviewing people who worked in the same organization. Such was evident through the type of answers that the interviewees provided. The first interviewee was consistent and would answer questions without hesitation. However, the second interviewee was reluctant and in some cases did not know what to answer(Suen, H.K., and Ary, D., 2014). However, the interviewer did not skip the questions; the interviewer made sure that the questions were asked but in the same way to make su re that there was consistency in the data that would be collected. There are different methods which played a significant role in analyzing the data. The two main methods used in analyzing the data were typology and constant comparison. In typology, the use of different patterns, as well as themes, was used. For example, it was realized that the interviewer used specific patterns to carry out the interviews(Glesne, 2015). There were specific questions that were first asked. The questions would only change if the subject proved not to understand the questions well(Panneerselvam, 2015). However, despite the subject proving not to understand the questions, the interviewer made sure that the pattern of asking the questions was changed, but the pattern of acquiring data was not interfered with at all. The constant comparison came in place to analyze the questions as well as the answers. The method was utilized in the following way. The data provided by the subjects was taken and compared with the data that was provided by other subjects. For example, the data of the first subject would be compared with the data of the second subject(Flick, 2015). Such led to knowing the different and understanding the data well. At the same time, the questions asked to the first subject were taken and compared with the questions that were asked to the second subject. Comparison helped in knowing the type of data that would be reliable and such would be known through the questions asked as well as the way the questions were answers. By looking at the different interviews, it is apparent that there was a lot to be compared. There are advantages that came with comparing the data. The first advantage was looking at the interview that was conducted in a more thorough way. By having such information, it was easy to know if there were biases in the whole process or not. At the same time, comparison was used in the process of looking at the response of the interviewees. It is evident that different interviewees provided different information. However, such was due to different approaches. The interviewer can however not be blamed for that because the interviewees proved that their level of processing information was different. It is evident that there were no specific research questions; however, there are many points to learn and observe from the whole process. One of the points is the fact that the method which was used in acquiring the data was effective. The reason why it was effective is that it was enduring, flexible, and straight forward. As far as the issue of enduring is concerned, the questions proved that they would give the subjects a margin of error(Bernard, H.R., Wutich, A. and Ryan, G.W, 2016). A good example is seen when a subject does not have a definite answer. Instead of skipping the question, the question is changed into a way that the subject can understand better. At the same time, it was apparent that the questions did not only need a specific answer; the subjects were free to give their answers(Brinkmann, 2014). In research, biases are eliminated when the questions are not twisted in a way that the subjects must provide a specific answer. The questions were also not complicated. For example, there was a common question asking about the history of the organization. Such information is straight forward, and one is supposed to have the information in his or her mind when he or she is working for an organization. The themes utilized in the whole process helped in gathering credible information. The fact that the interviewer was so focused on making sure that he or she only gets information which is relevant to the research affected the findings of the interview. It was evident that different methods of questioning provide different types of information(Cohen, 2014). For example, in the first interview, the interviewer was straight forward with the interviewee, and the same case was evident in the second interview. However, it was not easy to gather the same information by using the same questions. The first subject was understanding and answered questioned without difficulties. However, the second subject was hesitating and could not answer the same questions fast. However, when the interviewer changed the perspective, it was apparent that the second interviewer provided more details to the interviewee and that had an effect on the way the interviewee responded to the questions. By analyzing the data, there were different observations. Most of the observations were associated with the interviewees. The first observation was that different people interpret information differently. There are factors that support the claim. The interviewer wanted to use the same questions but it is evident that the interviewees had a different way of processing the questions. Such led to the interviewer editing and redrafting some of the questions. At the same time, it was observed that people take different amount of time to respond to questions. In this case, the accuracy or inaccuracy of the a nswers does not factor in; what matters is how much time a subject took to answer the question. Knowledge matters were also evident in the whole process. Bibliography Bernard, H.R., Wutich, A., and Ryan, G.W, 2016. Analyzing qualitative data: Systematic approaches. Boston: SAGE publication. Brinkmann, S., 2014. Interview. In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, pp.1008-10. Cohen, M., 2014. Analyzing neural time series data: theory and practice. London: MIT Press. Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Boston: SAGE. Glesne, C., 2015. Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction. New York: Pearson. Holmes, J., 2015. Reverie and research interviews: a theoretical and empirical investigation. Essex: Doctoral dissertation, University of Essex. Liamputtong, P., 2013. Qualitative research methods. Panneerselvam, R., 2015. Research Methodology. Athens: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Smith, J., 2015. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Boston: SAGE. Suen, H.K., and Ary, D., 2014. Analyzing quantitative behavioral observation data. New York: Psychology Press.